2. A 62-year-old woman had an acute myocardial infarction. Right after arriving at the emergency room, she had cardiac arrest. Resuscitation efforts for 15 minutes were successful and she was admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). However, she developed a fatal arrhythmia and died on her third day in ICU. Autopsy was performed. Examination of brain tissue shows neurons with hypoxic/ischemic changes. Which of the following best describes the expected morphology?

reactive astrocytes

eosinophilic neuronal necrosis

viral inclusions

normal cortical gray matter

normal white matter

3. While walking home after a party where he consumed five cans of beer, a 28-year-old man fell and hit his head on the curb. He got up and went home. An hour later, he became unconscious and was brought to the emergency room by his roommate. Initial physical exam showed a severe contusion of the left temporal area. The most likely explanation for his condition is rupture of the ________.

left middle meningeal artery

bridging dural veins

posterior cerebral artery

left middle cerebral artery

anterior communicating artery aneurysm

4. Which of the following is true regarding the pathological process seen in this picture?

Neuropathology Set 2 Q8 — Neuropathology Set 3

A specific muscle pathology is the cause of the movement disorder

The majority of patients also have dementia

It is a movement disorder characterized by ataxia

Pathological hallmark is the presence of numerous intranuclear inclusions

Intracytoplasmic alpha-synuclein-positive neuronal inclusions are diagnostic

5. Examine of a brain from a newborn child showed failure of cerebral hemispheres to separate. The abnormality results from a failure of:

aquaductal patency

neural tube formation

neuroblast migration

organogenesis

myelination

6. Wallerian degeneration ________.

involves distal axonal degeneration

is the destruction of myelin sheaths

is a paraneoplastic syndrome

is seen in oligodendroglia

7. A 65-year-old woman presents to the hospital with progressive neurological deficits. Several months earlier she had received treatment for a brain tumor. A new brain biopsy shows no tumor, but does show necrosis of cerebral vasculature and of brain tissue. The most likely cause of these findings is previous therapy with:

radiation

mercury

vincristine

dehydration

isoniazid

8. A 29-year-old man was found dead in the street. Autopsy showed hemorrhage under the occipital scalp, and contusions of both occipital poles. Which of the following is the most likely explanation?

He was previously strangled to death and later the body was dumped in a remote street, at which time his head his the concrete pavement

Slipped and fell on his back, hitting his head to concrete pavement

Intracranial hemorrhage secondary to hypertension

He was hit on the back of his head by a baseball bat

Metastatic lung cancer secondary to heavy smoking

9. The molecular defect in Duchenne muscular dystrophy resides in ________.

a key calcium-transport molecule

a large, plasma membrane-associated protein

a mitochondrial electron transport chain protein

contractile protein interactions

a metabolic enzyme involved in glycolysis

10. A 26-year-old man presents to clinic with weakness in his right arm. Two years previously he had an episode of difficulty speaking that improved considerably after several days. One year before that he had an episode of decreased vision in his left eye that did not resolve. He has no other known medical illnesses or conditions. The most likely cause of these episodes is:

episodes of brain myelin destruction by macrophages

accumulation of amyloid deposits in the brain

viral infection of oligodendrocytes

an inborn metabolic error of sphingolipid metabolism

chronic arsenic poisoning